Lessons 539 to 550
Lesson
# 539 From Holy Qur’an
Kill Them
in War, Who Turned Back to Enmity
Choose No
Friend from among Enemies
Forgive
Them Whose Hearts Forbid Them to Make War
No Way against Them,
Who Hold Aloof from You
Who Returns to Hostility, Fight against Him
Surah Nisaaa’ (Women)
– Chapter – 4)
Verses
–89b, 90 & 91 of 176, Section – 12/24 (Part – 5)
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89b. if they turn back (to enmity) then take
them and kill them wherever ye find them, and choose no friend nor helper
from among them-
90. Except those who seek refuge with a people
between whom and you there is a covenant, or (those who) come unto you
because their hearts forbid them to make war on you or make war on their own
folk. Had Allah Willed He would have given them power over you so that assuredly
they would have fought you. So, if they hold aloof from you and wage not war
against you and offer you peace, then Allah has alloweth you no way against
them.
91. Ye will find others who desire that they
should have security from you, and security from their own folk. So often as
they are returned to hostility they are plunged therein. If they keep not
aloof from you nor offer you peace nor hold their hands, then take them and
kill them wherever ye find them. And against them We have given you clear warrant.
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89b.
Fa-‘in- tawallaw
fa-khuzuuhum waq-tuluuhum haysu
wajattu-muuhum wa laa
tatta-khizuu minhum waliy-yanw-wa laa
nasiiraa.
90.
‘Illal-laziina yasi-luuna ‘ilaa
qawmim- bay-nakum wa
bay-nahum-miisaaqun ‘aw jaaa-‘uukum
hasirat suduuruhum ‘any-yuqaa-tiluukum ‘aw
yuqaatiluu qaw-mahum. Wa
law shaaa-‘Allaahu lasallatahum ‘alaykum
falaqaa-taluukum.
Fa-‘ini’-taza-luukum falam yuqaa-tiluukum wa
‘al-qaw-
‘ilay-ku-mus-salama, famaa ja-‘alAllaahu lakum
‘alay-him sabiilaa.
91.
Sataji-duuna ‘aakhariina yuriiduuna
‘any-ya’-manuukum wa ya’-manuu
qawmahum. Kullamaa rudduuu
‘ilal-fitnati ‘urkisuu fiihaa.
Fa-‘illam ya’-taziluukum wa
yulquuu ‘ilay-kumus-salama wa
yakuffuuu ‘ay-diyahum fakhuzuuhum
waq-tuluuhum haysu saqif-tumuuhum. Wa
‘ulaaa-‘ikum ja-‘alNaa lakum
‘alay-him sultaanam-mubiinaa.
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Lesson
Khuzuu – its origin is ‘akhaza, which is
used for three purposes; to make, to choose or adopt and to hold. Base of Laa
tattakhizuu (do not choose) is also the same.
Miisaaqun – (covenant), it is from wasuuq, which means “to trust, faith and
confidence”. Miisaaq
is the thing, from which trust and faith is produced. It can also be
aimed as mutual agreement.
Sallata – this word is from tasliit, which means “to give control,
to allow one to prevail (over or against) and to empower someone. This order is
regarding those people, who were mentioned in the above lesson.
‘I’-taza-luukum -
(they hold aloof from you). It is from ‘i’-tizaal, which is again from ‘azala that means ‘to hold aloof, to
remain separate, to avoid from troubling someone’. Ma’-zuul has also derived from it.
‘As-salama – (peace, truce), Islam, tasliim and many other words have come out
from it. It means ‘to wish safety (for self and others), to give shelter’. Here
the word ‘As-salama
has been used also for friendship and union besides the word peace.
saqif-tumuuhum – (you find them). The substance
of this word is saqiif, which means
‘to find, to acquire’. Its aim is that whenever the war is proclaimed, then
kill the enemy wherever you find him. Mind it that this order is not for the
common days of peace, but only in the condition of war.
It is
desired that the people who are squeezed in the infidelity, they will not
become Muslims. But they will use to tempt others that they should become
infidels too. However, you should say them continuously to embrace Islam and
sacrifice in such a way, as you have sacrificed. If they do not believe, then
you should not think for them in war, take them after overcoming and kill them.
Their mixing up is useless in war because these people are your fast enemies
and bad-wishers. They will not shun from wickedness, whenever they will find
any chance.
In the
situation of war, kill these selfish people, wherever you find them. But there
are two forms for their safety:
·
They have deep association and covenant of peace with them, who have a
treaty of alliance with you, because in this condition, they have entered in
that covenant of peace too.
·
If they want to make a truce with you due to vexation of war, with the
condition that neither they will fight with you themselves, nor they will
support their nation against you.
It has been
described in this verse, that if these people remain bound after the treaty of
truce, give up fighting and remain in peace, then you are not permitted to
narrow them. Then another group of hypocrite infidels have been discussed.
These are the people, who neither want to fight against you, nor against their
own nation. They make a covenant with you that they will not make a war on you.
But when they observe that your enemies have been increasing, then they do not
regard your articles of agreement and join your enemies. If such people come to
break the covenant and begin rigidity, then you should also fight against them
and destroy them, wherever you find them, because you have a perfect reason
against them that they have become faithless to their covenant.
Lesson # 540 From Holy Qur’an
Penalty of Unknowingly Murder
Intentionally Murder – Punishment of
An Awful Doom for the Killer
Wroth of God against the Murderer
It is Not for a Believer to Kill a Believer
Surah Nisaaa’ (Women) – Chapter – 4)
Verses –92 & 93 of 176, Section – 13/24 (Part –
5)
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92. It is not for a believer to kill a believer
unless (it be) by mistake. And he who hath killed a believer by mistake must
set free a believing slave, and pay the blood-money to the family of the
slain, unless they remit it as a charity. If he (the victim) be of a people
hostile unto you, and he is a believer, then (the penance is) to set free a
believing slave. And if he cometh of a folk between whom and you there is a
covenant, then the blood-money must be paid unto his folk and (also) a
believing slave must be set free. And whoso hath not the wherewithal must
fast two consecutive months; a penance from Allah. And Allah is Knower, Wise.
93. whoso slayeth a believer intentionally his
reward is Hell wherein he will abide for ever and Allah is wroth against him
and He hath cursed him and prepared for him an awful doom.
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92.
Wa maa kaana
li-Mu’-mi-nin ‘any-yaqtula Mu’-minan
‘illaa khata-‘aa. Wa
man qatala Mu’-minan
khata-‘an fatah-riiru raqabatim-Mu’-minatinw-wa di-yatum-musalla-matun ‘ilaaa
‘ahlihiii ‘illaaa ‘any-yas-saddaquu. Fa-‘in
kaana min- qawmin ‘aduwwil-lakum wa huwa
Mu’-minun- fatah-riiru raqaba-tim-Mu’-minah. Wa
‘in kaana min
qawmim-bayna-kum wa baynahum-mii-saaqun- fa-diyatum-musalla-matun ‘ilaaa
‘ahlihiii wa tah-riiru
raqa-batim-Mu’-minah.
Famallam yajid fa-Siyaamu
shah-rayni mutataa-bi-‘ayn; tawbatam-minAllaah. Wa
kaanAllaahu ‘Aliiman Hakiimaa.
93.
Wa many-yaqtul Mu’-minam- muta-‘ammidan- fa-jazaaa-‘uhuu Jahannamu khaalidan-
fiihaa wa gazibAllaahu ‘alayhi
wa la-‘anahuu wa
‘a-‘adda lahuu ‘azaaban
‘aziimaa.
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Lesson
Tah-riiru - (to set free), its origin is hur and plural ‘ahraar. Hur means ‘free,
independent’.
Raqa-bati – (neck), here aim of this word is
‘slave’, because slave’s neck remains in his master’s hands.
Di-yatun – (blood-money), that is to say;
the amount or part of wealth which is paid to the family of the slain person.
Yas-saddaquu - (they remit, exempt), the word is from sadaqah, which means charity. Its object
is that if the heirs of the killed person forgive the killer and do not get
blood-money from him, then it will be charity from them.
Shah-rayni mutataa-bi-‘ayn – (two consecutive months), it
aims that no day should be left without fast within two months.
Muta-‘ammidan – (intentionally), it has been
derived from the word ‘amada, which
means ‘intention, attempt, willing. Qatli-‘amad
means willful murder or homicide, because punishment of unknowingly murder is
different from this type of killing.
Heretofore, the Muslims were instructed to fight against mischievous and
treacherous hypocrites, and it is possible in the war that any Muslim is slain
erroneously or unknowingly. So punishment of this type of murder was mentioned.
It was commanded, “It cannot be expected from a Muslim that he will
slaughter any other Muslim intentionally. However, if it has been done so
erroneously, then it should be observed:
·
Is the Muslim from one’s own nation and country?
·
Does he belong to any other such nation or country, who are not Muslims
but a treaty has been agreed mutually with you?
·
Did he come from such infidel nation with whom you do not have any
agreement of peace, but both are enemies of each other and fighting war?
If the slain
person is from own folk, then the killer will set free a Muslim slave and pay
the blood-money to the heirs of the slain. If he was from the nation, with whom
you have agreement not to fight, then also you will set free any Muslim slave
and pay the blood-money to his infidel heirs. If he belonged to the enemy
nation, then you would have to set free a Muslim slave. In this case paying the
blood-money is not necessary.
If the killer is
poor, neither he has any slave or bond-woman to set free, and nor has wealth
for paying blood-money, then he should fast for two consecutive months without
vacant. Then his repentance will be acceptable because this is not such a crime
which may be forgiven so easily. Suffer upon your own body as penance of murder
and fast two consecutive months without leaving any day beside fasting, if you do not have wherewithal
(blood-money) to spend.
In the next
verse, punishment for that believer has been described, who kills any other
believer intentionally and voluntarily. This is the crime from which nobody can
get rid of through penance. Its punishment will be given on the Doomsday. The
killer will be thrown in the Fire of Hell. He will abide there forever. The
Curse and wroth of Allaah Almighty is
upon him. He has prepared for him an awful doom. This torment is
separate from that punishment which will be suffered by him in the world i.e.
taking kisaas (blood-money) from him.
The command regarding retaliation (Kisaas)
has passed in Surah Al-Baqarah
(Chapter: The Cow).
Lesson # 541 From Holy Qur’an
Be Careful to Discriminate in War
Say Not “You are not Believer” Who Offers Peace
Who Seeks Chance Profits of Life, Don’t Despoil Him
With God Are Plenteous Spoils
Surely God is Aware of What You Do
Surah Nisaaa’ (Women) – Chapter – 4)
Verses – 94 of 176, Section – 13/24 (Part – 5)
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O ye who believe!
When ye go forth (to fight) in the Way of Allah, be careful to discriminate,
and say not unto one who offereth you peace: “Thou art not a believer”,
seeking the chance profits of this life (so that ye may despoil him). With
Allah are plenteous spoils. Even thus (as he now is) were ye before; but
Allah hath since then been gracious unto you; therefore take care to
discriminate. Surely Allah is Aware of what ye do.
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Yaaa-‘ayyu-hallaziina ‘aa-manuuu
‘izaa zarab-tum fii
SabiiLillaahi
fata-bayyanuu wa laa
taquuluu liman ‘alqaaa
‘ilay-kumus-salaama lasta Mu’-minaa.
Tab-taguuna
‘arazal-hayaa-tiddunyaa
fa-‘indAllaahi magaanimu kasiirah.
Kazaalika kuntum-min- qablu
faman-nAllaahu ‘alaykum fata-bayyanuu. ‘InnAllaaha
kaana bimaa ta’-maluuna
Khabiiraa.
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Lesson
Zarab-tum – (you go forth), this word is from
zaraba, one meaning of which is ‘to beat’, and it has also other meanings which
are ‘to move, to travel’. In this verse, it aims these (second) meanings.
‘Alqaaa – (offering), it means ‘to put an
offer, to say about any matter before someone for his conciliation or making
him to understand, to throw anything towards any person’.
‘Araza – (chance profits, wealth and
goods), here it signifies towards common necessities of life.
Magaanimun - (spoils), having the mastery
over the things without labour, the wealth acquired for nothing and possession
of those things, which have been snatched/taken over from the enemy in war (Maali ganiimat).
Fata-bayyanuu – (Discriminate, inquire,
investigate), it has been derived from bayaan.
Here it means ‘to set up a judgment after necessary investigation and
understanding thoroughly.
It is commanded that ‘when you come out from your houses for fighting,
then you should do nothing without attention and investigation, and whosoever discloses
that he is a Muslim, you should not say him that he is not Muslim considering
that he is pretending only to save his life. And you should not slay him to get
his possessing. What would you do after possession of this a little wealth? Allaah Almighty will cause to give you
the wealth and equipment of your enemies in huge quantity. There is no
deficiency with Him. Stop your hand from the person at once, who declares with
any method that he is a believer. Before Islam, you used to slay without any hesitation
for getting very little things. Now you have embraced Islam. You should be
careful in each matter. None should be slain from your hands in the greed of
wealth. You have no right to kill that person who has disclosed himself as
Muslim, blaming him that he said himself a Muslim to save his life only. Allaah Almighty knows the deeds of all
of you very well and only He can decide that who is true and who is liar.
Therefore, you should kill only that person, about whom you are ordered doing
so. You cannot understand that whether he embraced Islam to save his life or
really he is a Believer.
Lesson # 542 From Holy Qur’an
Ranks of Mujaahidiin
Degrees of Rank Who Strive
Who Sit Still are not Equal in Rank to Warriors
Mercy, Forgiveness and Ranks – Who Strive
Sedentary are Lower in Rank than Warriors
Surah Nisaaa’ (Women) – Chapter – 4)
Verses – 95 & 96 of 176, Section – 13/24 (Part –
5)
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95. Those of the believers who sit still, other
than those who have a disable (hurt), are not on an equality with those who
strive in the Way of Allah with their wealth and lives. Allah hath conferred
on those who strive with their wealth and lives a rank above the sedentary.
And unto each Allah hath promised good. And He hath bestowed on those who
strive a great reward above the sedentary-
96. Degrees of rank from Him, and forgiveness
and mercy. And Allah is Ever-Forgiving, Merciful.
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95. Laa yastawil-qaa-‘iduuna minal-Mu’-miniina gayru
‘uliz-zarari wal-Mujaa-hiduuna fii
SabiiLillaahi
bi-‘amwaa-lihim wa ‘anfu-sihim. Fazza-lAllaahul-Mujaa-hidiina bi-‘amwaa-lihim wa
‘anfu-sihim
‘alal-qaa-‘idiina darajah. Wa
kullanw-wa-‘adAllaahul-husnaa.
Wa
fazza-lAllaahul-Mujaa-hidiina
‘alal-qaa-‘idiina ’ajran ‘aziimaa.
96.
Darajaatim-minhu wa mag-firatanw-wa rahmah.
Wa kaa-nAllaahu Gafuurar-Rahiimaa.
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Lesson
Gayru ‘uliz-zarari - (who sit still,
who have no excuse), gayru means ‘except, besides,‘uliz-zarari – (those persons who
are healthy and able to fight).
Allaah Almighty commands that how can
those people (who shirk from strive and they are sitting at their homes to save
only their own lives) be equal to those who strive with their wealth and lives.
No doubt that the weak, the ill, the old, the cripple and the poor people
cannot fight, but which is the apology for them who are healthy and have
potentiality to strive? Those persons are thousand degrees better to them in merit,
which are ready to spend their wealth and sacrifice their lives in the Way of Allaah Almighty. They have higher ranks
upon them. They are entitled for special absolution and kindness.
It is known from this verse that some such persons should be ready from
the Muslims, who may save them and support the religion of Allaah Almighty. It is not obligation for all Muslims to go for
fighting, if any group of such people is held. However, it is the duty of
entire people to help such group in their preparation. And if such group does
not exist, then entire Muslims will be sinners.
Lesson # 543 From Holy Qur’an
Migration by the Oppressed People
The Oppressed Should Migrate to Any Peace Place
Earth of God is Very Spacious
God will Pardon the Feeble/Unable to Migrate
Ever-Clement, Forgiving is only One (God)
Surah Nisaaa’ (Women) – Chapter – 4)
Verses – 97, 98 & 99 of 176, Section – 14/24
(Part – 5)
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97. Lo! As for those whom the angels take (in
death) while they wrong themselves, (the angels) will ask: In what were ye
engaged? They will say: We were oppressed in the land. (The angels) will say:
Was not Allah’s earth spacious that ye could have migrated therein? As for
such, their habitation will be Hell. And what an evil journey’s end.
98. Except the feeble among men, and the women,
and the children, who are unable to devise a plan and are not shown a way-
99. As for such, it may be that Allah will
pardon them. And Allah is Ever-Clement, Forgiving.
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97. ‘Innal-laziina ta-waffaa-hu-mul-malaaa-‘ikatu zaalimiii
‘anfu-sihim qaaluu fiimaa
kuntum. Qaaluu kunnaa
mustaz-‘afiina fil-‘arz. Qaaluu
‘alam takun ‘arzUllaahi
waasi-‘atan fatu-haajiruu fiihaa.
Fa-‘ulaaa-‘ika ma’-waahum Jahannam.
Wa saaa-‘at masiiraa.
98.
‘Illal-mustaz-‘afiina
mi-nar-rijaali
wan-nisaaa-‘i wal-wildaani laa
yastatii-‘uuna
hii-latanw-wa laa yahtaduuna
sabiilaa.
99. Fa-‘ulaaa-‘ika ‘asAllaahu
‘any-ya’-fuwa ‘anhum. Wa
kaanAllaahu ‘afuwwan- Gafuuraa.
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Lesson
It is the abstract of above mentioned verses that after embracing Islam
and believing in Holy Qur’an as a Guide, they do not have any sense of seating
calmly. Those persons have been related in these verses with evil-doers, that
is to say; tyrants for themselves, who keep belief in their hearts, but do not
act upon the orders of Holy Qur’an fairly. They are spoiling their own. The
Angels (peace be upon them) will ask from such people at the time of their
death, “While truth of Holy Qur’an was manifested upon you, then why are you
dying empty-handed today”? Why do you not have good deeds with you? Then their
eyes will be opened. They will not be able to compose any reply. Lastly they
will say, “While we were suppressed from others, then what would we had to do?
We did not have power to oppose those people. We were weak, old and helpless”.
Then the Angels (peace be upon them) will say, “What a strange thing? The earth
created by Allaah Almighty was lying
too much spacious. You would have left that land of tyrant people and migrated
to any place of peace. There you could get opportunity to act upon the
religious teachings without hindrance. At this stage they would be unable to
reply because it was their own fault. It has been commanded here that abode of
such people is Hell, which is the worst place for living. However, ill males,
women and children, who neither can think about any plan, nor they know about
any path and nor they are able to work, their apology can be accepted and
hopefully Allaah Almighty will
forgive them.
Lesson # 544 From Holy Qur’an
Reward of God for Refugees
Migration for the Cause of Allaah
A Fugitive unto God and His Messenger
The Refugee, Whom Death Overtakes - Reward
Whoso Migrates in the Way of God
Surah Nisaaa’ (Women) – Chapter – 4)
Verses –100 of 176, Section – 14/24 (Part – 5)
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Whoso migrateth for
the Cause of Allah will find much refuge and abundance in the earth. And
whoso forsaketh his home, a fugitive unto Allah and His Messenger, and death
overtaketh him, his reward is then incumbent on Allah. And Allah is
Ever-Forgiving, Merciful.
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Wa
many-yuhaajir fii Sabii-Lillaahi yajid
fil-‘arzi- mu-raagaman- kasiiranw-wasa-‘ah. Wa
many-yakhruj mim- baytihii
muhaa-jiran ‘ilAllaahi wa
Rasuulihii summa yudrik-hul-
mawtu faqad waqa-‘a
‘ajruhuu ‘alAllaah. Wa
kaanAllaahu
Gafuurar-Rahiimaa.
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Lesson
wasa-‘ah has been derived from sa-‘a-tan,
which means accommodation, capacity. It also aims ‘wideness, prosperity,
opening and hilarity’. Here it signifies towards extent of livelihood and daily
food, and extension of acting upon the religion.
Yudrik – (overtake), this word is from ‘adraak, which means ‘to get, to
understand, to hold’. Here it aims ‘to overtake’.
waqa-‘a – (incumbent), to become
important, to approach. It is from waquu’,
which means ‘to occur’. In this verse a word ‘alaaa has come after waqa-‘a. Therefore, now its meaning will become
‘to be incumbent (on). As sometimes we say, “I have to do this work, that is to
say; it is necessary and incumbent for me to do that particular work”.
It was told in the earlier verses that the person, who has belief in his
heart, it is compulsory for him to act like Muslims. This pretense “We in that
case were under influence of other persons and those cruel people did not use
to permit us to do good deeds” will not be heard from any healthy and able to
work person. Therefore, it was commanded to them, “If you are entangled in such
a country, whose people prevent you from acting upon the religion, then you
should migrate from that place and live in such an independent country, where
you may be free to do independently.
It has been described in this verse, “Nobody should be afraid that if he
leaves present residential place, he doesn’t know, whether he will find any
place or not, whether food will be attainable or not”. It has been comforted here,
“If you will migrate from such a place of suffocation, for acting upon the
religion of Allaah Almighty
independently, then you will find much livelihood,
refuge and abundance in the earth. The person, who will leave his family,
household goods and native land in accordance with the Instructions of Allaah Almighty and for His cause with
true heart, Allaah Almighty will not
let him to be distressed. He will never feel any deficiency in eating and
drinking. Observe after working purely for Allaah
Almighty. He will save you surely from the confusions. If you think, “What will
happen, if I die in the way”, then have belief that your reward and good
retaliation is incumbent on Allaah
Almighty in such a condition”, because you have migrated from your country for
His Cause. He is Ever-Forgiving sins of believers and Merciful.
Lesson # 545 From Holy Qur’an
Relaxation in Prayer During Journey
Reduction in Rak-’aat of the
Prayer
An Open Enemy of You is Disbelievers
Curtailing Worship at the Time of Fear
It is No Sin to Curtail Worship during Journey
Surah Nisaaa’ (Women) – Chapter – 4)
Verses –101 of 176, Section – 15/24 (Part – 5)
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And when ye go forth
in the land, it is no sin for you to curtail (your) worship if ye fear that
those who disbelieve may attack you. In truth the disbelievers are an open
enemy to you.
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Wa
‘izaa zarab-tum fil- ‘arzi
falaysa ‘alaykum junaa-hun
‘an-taq-suruu
minas-Salaa-ti ‘in khif-tum
‘any-yaf-tina-kumul-laziina
kafaruu. ‘Innal-kaafiriina kaanuu
lakum ‘aduw-wam-mubiinaa.
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Lesson
Taq-suruu – {Curtail (your worship)}, this
word is from qasar. Some other words
have also come out from it like qusuur,
qaasir, taq-siir. Qasar means ‘to
curtail, to lessen, to reduce, to subtract and to diminish’. To curtail the
worship means, “The prayer which has four rak-‘aat
that will become two during journey”.
Yaf-tina-kum - {(they) will trouble you)}. It has been
derived from fitnah, which means ‘mischief,
quarrel and disturbance. Here it aims that the disbelievers will attack you.
There was description about strive and migration in the previous verses.
It is clear that the journey is necessary during above both acts. Therefore
form of offering prayer during journey has been illustrated in this section and
permitted to curtail worship in the condition of journey. If there is a threat
from the enemy, who has not embraced your religion and they remain ready every
time to hurt you, they will attack in the journey, then you are allowed to
curtail some prayer during journey, because the infidels are your exposed
enemies.
Messenger of Allaah Almighty (grace,
glory, blessings and peace be upon Him) caused to understand this matter in the
manner that this concession is for all kinds of journeys, whether there is
danger in it or not. The mention of fear has been stated in the verse for the
purpose that when this verse was revealed, in those days the Tribe Bani Najaar asked, “What is the order
for us about the prayer while we people remain frequently on journey”. Then
Holy Prophet (grace, glory, blessings and peace be upon Him) told them, “Allaah Almighty has produced for you
this facility with His Mercy and Kindness and permitted to curtail the Rak-‘aat of prayers in case of journey”.
Confirmation of Hanafii sect
regarding the journey is that the travel should not be less than three stages
(destinations, manzil). There will be
no relaxation in the complete prayer for the travel less than three stages. The
definition of the stage is that in which either a man or a camel travels with
normal speed in a day. After that, whenever Messenger of Allaah Almighty (grace, glory, blessings and peace be upon Him) used
to go on journey, then He used to offer two Rak-‘aat
of the prayer instead of the prayer of four Rak-‘aat.
But even then while the enemies intended to attack for getting benefit of the
condition of worship by Muslims, then another method of worship was ordered,
which will be discussed in the next lesson. Now it is known from these verses
that the prayer is such incumbent, which can never be left without offering
besides entirely helplessness. However some relaxation and reductions have been
permitted.
Lesson # 546 From Holy Qur’an
Salaatul-Khawf
Prayer of Fear
Party-wise Performing Prostrations
Safety Measures during Offering Prayers
Disbelievers Long for You to Neglect Your Arms
Surah Nisaaa’ (Women) – Chapter – 4)
Verses –102 of 176, Section – 15/24 (Part – 5)
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And when thou (O
Muhammad) art among them and arrangest (their) worship for them, let only a
party of them stand with thee (to worship) and let them take their arms. Then
when they have performed their prostrations let them fall to the rear of you
and let another party come that hath not worshipped and let them worship with
thee, and let them take their precaution and their arms. Those who disbelieve
long for you to neglect your arms and your baggage that they may attack you
one for all. It is not sin for you to lay aside your arms, if rain impedeth
you or you are sick. But take your precaution. Lo! Allah has prepared for the
disbelievers shameful punishment.
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Wa
‘izaa kunta fiihim
fa-‘aqmta lahumus-Salaata fal-taqum
taaa-‘ifatum-minhum-ma-‘aka
wal-ya’-khuzuuu
‘asli-hatahum; fa-‘izaa sajaduu
fal-yakuunuu
minw-waraaa-‘ikum.
Wal-ta’-ti taaa-‘ifatun ‘ukh-raa
lam yu-salluu fal-yu-salluu ma-‘aka
wal-ya’-khuzuu hizra-hum wa
‘asli-hatahum. Wad-dallazii-na kafaruu
law tag-fuluuna ‘an ‘asli-hatikum wa
‘amti- ‘ati-kum faya-miiluuna ‘alaykum-
may-latanw-waahidah. Wa
laa junaaha ‘alaykum
‘in- kaana bi-kum
‘azam-mim-matarin ‘aw kuntum-marzaaa ‘an-
taza-‘uuu ‘asli-hatakum. Wa
khuzuu hiz-rakum. ‘Innallaaha
‘a-‘adda lil-kaafiriina ‘azaabam-muhiinaa.
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Lesson
Taaa-‘ifatun – (a party, a group or a
society), here it aims ‘a part of Army’.
Waraaa-‘i
- (rear), this word has been used for many aims as for ‘ahead, back,
either front or rear’.
Wad-da – (wish, long, desire eagerly), it
is from wadd, which means ‘to love,
to like and to want’. The word Waduud
has also come out from it.
‘Amti- ‘ati-kum - (Your baggage), it is plural of mataaa’, which means ‘the things of
necessity, that baggage which is compulsory’.
Ya-miiluuna - {they (may)
attack (you)}, it has been derived from miil.
Miilaan is also from it, which means
‘to bow aside, to incline to, to turn, to attack, to rush in, to break upon’.
Muhiinan – (shameful, dishonorable,
disgraceful), this word is made from ‘Ahaanat,
which means ‘to abase, to insult, to disgrace or to show down’.
The situation regarding revelation of this verse is that Most Gracious
Messenger of Allaah Almighty (grace,
glory, blessings and peace be upon Him) moved along with Muslims for fighting
in the Battle of ‘Asfaan. At the
exact time of war, the time of noon prayer (Zuhr)
began. He (grace, glory, blessings and peace be upon Him) offered two rak-‘aat incumbent congregational prayer
with other Muslims in accordance with the instructions revealed in the previous
verse. The Army of the disbelievers used to observe it in confusion. They were
too much wonder-struck and senseless that they could not think about attack
upon the Muslims immediately. When the Muslims had completed their worship,
then Khalid Bin Waliid, till that
time who had not embraced Islam and who was commander of the disbelievers’
Army, said to the personnel of his Army with great sorrow, “We have committed a
very big mistake. When the Muslims were standing in a file to offer prayer, it
was best chance for us to attack them coming from their rear. However, after a while
they will worship again in the afternoon (‘Asr
prayer), then we shall finish them”. Before starting the time of afternoon
prayer (‘Asr), Allaah Almighty revealed this verse. The prayer of ‘Asr was performed according to new
revelation and the planning of the disbelievers was put down as it were. It is
commanded that when you are fighting with the infidels and the time of prayer
begins, then the Army should be distributed in two parties. One party should
stand still in front of the disbelievers and the other should stand for worship
behind the first party. When this party finishes its first rak-‘at and have done with prostration, then these people should
face the enemy leaving your rear and that party, which was standing before the
enemy, they should perform their second rak-‘at
following you. When you turn over your Salaam
after completion of your prayer, then these people go back again in front of
the enemy, and the party which was standing in front of the enemy, they should
come back and complete their prayer (first rak-‘at
of the prayer) alone. Then they should return in front of the enemy and
remaining people should complete their remaining part of the prayer (first rak-‘at). In this prayer, the people are
permitted to move as per requirement. Necessary Arms, Ammunition and Equipment
for safety should be with everybody.
During war every task should be
finalized carefully and intellectually. You have been given facility in the prayer
during war condition. Even then, you should worship keeping in view the
planning of your enemy and escaping from their attack. The enemies lie in wait
for your carelessness that as soon as they find you in relaxed condition, they
break upon you forthwith. Therefore, you are instructed to keep your arms and
equipment decorated upon your bodies during offering prayer, so that observing
your readiness, they may not find opportunity of sudden attack over you.
However, if it becomes difficult to lift the weapons due to any reason and
performing the prayer acts like prostration etc. become impossible, for example
someone is either dead injured or it is cause of trouble to prostrate or to bow
for praying duly decorated with weapon, then there is no objection in keeping
the weapon separate. It will not be considered a fault to land it.
This command is for you for the purpose that there is dire need of care
in war. Make up the equipment of safety to frighten the enemy. Trust in Allaah Almighty after that, be hopeful
about His Dignity and believe that He has prepared shameful torment for the
infidels, who have come to ruin you, considering that you were weak.
Lesson # 547 From Holy Qur’an
‘In-nas-Salaata kaanat ‘alal-Mu’-miniina kitaabam-maw-quutaa
Remembrance of God besides the Prayer
After
Performing the Act of Worship, Remember Allaah
Surely Worship at Fixed Times Has
Been Enjoined on the Believers
Observe Proper Worship, When You Are in Safety
Surah Nisaaa’ (Women) – Chapter – 4)
Verses –103 of 176, Section – 15/24 (Part – 5)
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When ye have
performed the act of worship, remember Allah, standing, sitting and
reclining. Then when ye are in safety, observe proper worship. Surely worship
at fixed times hath been enjoined on the believers.
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Fa-‘izaa
qazay-tumus-Salaata
faz-kurUllaaha qiyaa-manw—wa qu-‘uudanw-wa ‘alaa
junuubikum.
Fa-‘izat-ma’-nan-tum fa-‘aqii-mus-Salaah. ‘In-nas-Salaata kaanat
‘alal-Mu’-miniina kitaabam-maw-quutaa.
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Lesson
Qazay-tum – {(ye)
have performed}, this word has been derived from the word Qazaa, which means ‘to perform, to pay, to decide’. Here Qazaa has been used for performing the worship,
to offer prayer.
Junuubi – it is plural of Janab, which means ‘side, sideways, to
lie down towards one side and to recline’, aim from ‘alaa
junuubikum is ‘you recline, you lie down aside’.
Maw-quutan – (at
fixed times), it is from Waqt, which
means ‘time’.
‘Uz-kurUllaaha – (Remember
Allaah), Zikr means ‘remembrance’. Wird
and waziifah are hence called zikr, because doing these acts, the believer
repeats the Names of Allaah
(Almighty) and supplications, memorizes them again and again.
In the previous verse it was told, “How to offer prayer while you are
facing the enemies’ attack directly and during war condition”. It is evident
that confusion, un-contentment and narrowness will be surely during such
condition. But the prayer is to be performed as and when its time is In, in
each condition (either war or peace and either sick or on journey). But since
the remembrance of Allaah Almighty
cannot be completed due to fear and confusion at that time, therefore it has
been instructed, “Remember Allaah in
the condition of standing, sitting and reclining, after performing the act of
worship (prayer)”. There is no restriction of any kind for His remembrance.
The intention of the prayer is to remember Allaah Almighty, to attend only to our Creator, our Lord, our
Master returning from each side. Therefore, whenever the peace time begins and
the fear of fighting etc. is driven back, then perform the act of worship in
such a manner that as the prayer has its right to be offered. All parts of the
prayer should be performed slowly to stay regularly. Try to be in love with the
remembrance of Allaah Almighty. Offer
the prayer punctually in time according to complete principles, when the time
of worship starts. However, any particular time is not fixed for the
remembrance of Allaah Almighty. You
can remember Him every time in your heart.
Several matters have been manifested from these verses, which we should
keep in view in every respect. The prayer is of that kind of duty, which cannot
be warded off in any form. It will be performed somehow or other, whether you
are in the battlefield or it is the peace time, whether you are sick or
travelling or there is any trouble. Secondly the prayer at fixed times has been
enjoined on the believers. Neither it can be without time, nor can it be
postponed.
Lesson # 548 From Holy Qur’an
Relent not in Pursuit of the
Hostile People
Don’t Let Your Enemies Go
They
Suffer As You Suffer but You Hope from God
You should not Loosen the Enemy
Pursuit of the Hostile People Bravely
Surah Nisaaa’ (Women) – Chapter – 4)
Verses –104 of 176, Section – 15/24 (Part – 5)
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Relent not in
pursuit of the hostile people. If ye are suffering, lo! They suffer even as
ye suffer and ye hope from Allah that for which they cannot hope. And Allah
is Ever-Knower, Wise.
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Wa
laa tahinuu fib-tigaaa-‘il-qawm. ‘In
takuunuu ta’-la-muuna fa-‘innahum
ya’-lamuu-na kamaa ta’-lamuun.
Wa tar-juuna minallaahi
maa laa yar-juun.
Wa kaanallaahu ‘Aliiman
Hakiimaa.
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Lesson
Laa tahinuu – (Do not relent), it is from wahan, which means ‘to relent, to lose
spirit or courage, to be inactive, to become loose’.
Ta’-la-muuna – (You suffer), this word is made
from ‘alam, which means suffering,
distress, ache. Origin of ta’-la-muuna and ya’-lamuu-na
is the same. One’s tense is second person plural and the other is of third
person plural.
Tar-juuna – (You hope), it has been derived from rajaaa’ which means ‘thought, hope,
reliance’. Tar-juun is from the tense of second person plural, and yar-juun is
third person plural.
In the beginning, the Muslims were not allowed to strive and fight. But
they were ordered, “You are prevented from fighting with the Makkan people whether they tease you as
much as they wish, and perform the worship and pay the poor-due”. But when
tyranny of the infidels of Makkah
overstepped bounds, even to this degree that the Muslims had to leave their
families and homes, and they migrated to Madinah.
The Messenger of Allaah Almighty
(grace, glory, blessings and peace be upon Him) had also to take shelter there.
Notwithstanding the people of Makkah
did not leave them to molest. Then helpless Muslims were commanded to fight and
strive. When the order regarding strive and fight was published once, then later
on, the rules and the regulations about it were told and they were guided.
In this chapter Fighting has been mentioned with effect from very before.
It has been guided in this verse, “While the quarrelsome people have already
begun fighting and you have to fight, then these mischievous should be punished
severely and fully, so that you may get freedom from their sedition and
disturbance. It has surely been proved from their previous deeds that until
they would not be punished entirely, neither they themselves would remain in
peace, nor would they let to sit others comfortably. So you should fight
against them with full force. No laziness and relent should be from your side.
Which distress, trouble and ache you suffer due to
war, they suffer also even as you suffer. Don’t care them; on the contrary, make
up your minds to finish this quarrel forever.
In the distress, pain and restlessness, you and your enemy (both) are
equal. Even then, there is a difference between you and them like the earth and
the sky. Anyhow, you have such hopes from your Lord, which they do not have. If
you won the war, you are hero, and if you are slain, then you are martyrs. In
both conditions there is a strong promise of rest and comfort in the Hereafter
for you, in which there is no any doubt. And remember it also that only some
days’ advantages of the world are exiting them for war, which do not have any
base, while you are fighting by the order of Allaah Almighty.
Lesson # 549 From Holy Qur’an
Justice without Partiality
Impartiality
Favoritism is Against
the Justice
Fair Play is Impossible in Unilateralism
Taking One’s Side is Not Justice
Surah Nisaaa’ (Women) – Chapter – 4)
Verses –105 & 106 of 176, Section – 16/24 (Part
– 5)
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105. Lo! We have revealed unto thee the Scripture
with the Truth, that thou mayst judge between mankind by that which Allah has
shown thee. And be not thou a pleader for the treacherous.
106. And seek forgiveness of Allah. Lo! Allah is
Ever-Forgiving, Merciful.
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105.
‘Innaaa ‘anzalnaaa ‘ilay-kal-Kitaaba bil-Haqqi
litahkuma bay-nannaasi bimaaa
‘araakAllaah. Wa laa
takul-lil-khaaa-‘iniina
khasiimaa.
106.
Wastag-firIllaah.
‘InnAllaaha kaana Gafuurar-Rahiimaa.
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Lesson
Tahkuma – (You may judge), it
has made from hakama, which means ‘to
settle, to decide, to make a judicial decision, to command about something’.
‘Araaka – (you are caused to
know or understand, you are shown), this word has been made from ‘araaa-‘ata, which has come out from rawayta. It means to observe, to see,
and ‘araaa-‘ata means ‘to show and to
cause to understand’. Here it has been used in these meanings.
Khasiimun – (pleader), it means
‘to plead for any person or against any person’, that is to say; ‘to try to adjudge
any person criminal’.
Usually this bad habit is found in the persons, who are weak in their
belief that they try to change the people’s view about that crime which they
have committed personally and say that it was committed by so and so person, to
save themselves from the punishment, so that they may be let off and the other
may be trapped. During the reign of the Messenger of Allaah Almighty (grace, glory, blessings and peace be upon Him),
there was such a Muslim, who made hole through a wall of any person, stole a
bag filled with flour and some weapons from his house and brought to own home.
Accidentally the bag was torn. The flour fell in the entire way constantly. He
thought, “If I will keep it in my house, I will be caught”. At night he
entrusted both things with a Jew. When the light grew in the morning, the owner
of flour and weapons reached his house by tracing out of the flour, which was
fallen in the way. But the both things were not held in his house. He came out
and observed that the line of fallen flour was going ahead. In short, he
reached the house of the Jew. He arrested the Jew, when he saw his items at his
home. The Jew said, “These things have been left with me by so and so person in
trust. I have not stolen them”. The thief and his family told that the Jew was
a thief.
When this wrangling was brought to the Messenger (grace, glory,
blessings and peace be upon Him) for judgment, the patrons of the thief swore
that he was not thief, but the Jew was thief. Upon their evidence the Jew stood
criminal and the Messenger (grace, glory, blessings and peace be upon Him) was
going to decide against the Jew, while this verse and some of next verses were
revealed.
It has been commanded in the verse, “We have revealed unto you the
Scripture (Holy Qur’an) with the Truth, so that you may judge correctly in Its
light between the mankind by the Guidance which Allaah Almighty has shown you. Whether the quarrelsome are good or
bad, whether they are believers or infidels, you should settle the true as a true
and the liar as a liar, and decide with justice without favoritism. Since there
was a fear of partiality, so you should seek forgiveness of Allaah Almighty, He is Ever-Forgiving,
Merciful.
Lesson # 550 From Holy Qur’an
Culprit Should Never be Patronized
No Support
for the Criminal
I Seek Pardon of Allaah (‘Astag-firUllaah)
God Doesn’t Love the Treacherous
and Sinful
They Seek to Hide from Men, not from God
Surah Nisaaa’ (Women) – Chapter – 4)
Verses –107 to 110 of 176, Section – 16/24 (Part –
5)
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107. And plead not on behalf of (people) who
deceive themselves. Lo! Allah loveth not one who is treacherous and sinful.
108. They seek to hide from men and seek not to
hide from Allah; and He is with them when by night they hold discourse
displeasing unto Him. And Allah surroundeth what they do.
109. Lo! Ye are they who plead for them in the
life of the world. But who will plead with Allah for them on the Day of
Resurrection, or who will then be their defender?
110. And whoso doeth evil or wrongeth his own
soul, then seeketh pardon of Allah, will find Allah Forgiving, Merciful.
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107.
Wa laa tu-jaadil
‘anil-laziina yakh-taanuuna ‘an-fusahum. ‘InnAllaaha
laa yuhibbu man
kaana khaw-waanan ‘asii-maa.
108.
Yastakh-fuuna minan-naasi wa
laa yastakh-fuuna minAllaahi
wa Huwa ma-‘ahum
‘iz yu-bayyi-tuuna maa
laa yarzaa minal-qawl.
Wa kaanAllaahu bimaa
ya’-maluuna Muhii-taa.
109.
Haaa-‘antum haaa-‘ulaaa-‘i jaadaltum
‘anhum fil-hayaatid-dunyaa. Famany-yu-jaadi-lUllaaha ‘anhum
Yawmal-Qiyaamati
‘ammany-yakuunu ‘alayhim wakiilaa.
110.
Wa many-ya’-mal suuu-‘an
‘aw yazlim nafsahuu
summa yastag-fiRIllaaha yajiDIllaaha Gafuurar-Rahiimaa.
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Lesson
The reason of revelation about this verse has been mentioned in its
previous verse that a Muslim had theft, whose name was Ta’mah. With whom (the Jew), he deposited the theft items, his name
was Zayd. When the stealth was
traced, Ta’mah tried to let the
people believe that the thief was Zayd (the
Jew). In the morning, the supporters of Ta’mah
referred the matter to the Messenger of Allaah
Almighty (grace, glory, blessings and peace be upon Him) and swore that the
thief was Zayd. Ta’mah did not steal. It is being commanded in this verse, “You
should not side with the dishonest and his defenders. They have been
intentionally bent on treachery and a lie, supporting illicit their person, and
Allaah Almighty does not like the
treacherous and wicked people. They are double sinners. They try to save the
thief and secondly they are accusing of theft an innocent person. They fear and
feel shame from the people but do not fear and seek not to hide from Allaah Almighty. He is with them every
time, when by night they hold such discourse, which displeases unto Him. They
can hide from the people but how can hide from Allaah Almighty, Who has surrounded what they do?
Those people are being asked who support illicit, “If in the world you caused
to succeed any person by pleading and using stratagems, and according to your
opinion you arranged a record of stirring deeds to save such person, who was
able to be punished severely, made harmonious other people by saying them that
it was a Muslim’s matter and his honor was more precious than the opposite i.e.
the Jew. If a Muslim is charged with the crime of theft, then he would not be
able to show his face anywhere. Therefore, try to save him as it may be
possible. It is the question of our own honor. If once respect has gone, then
it cannot be gain again”. You did not think that the thief did what he did. Now
you were going to commit a sin by supporting him wrongfully and trying to ensnare
a person who was innocent against that person who was really guilty. No doubt
you did all this in the world by deceiving and telling lies. But on the Day of
Resurrection, when the matter will be produced in the Court of Allaah Almighty, then how will you
support the culprits there and what will be of your cunning deeds?
You can deceive the rulers and judges of this world by providing them
false evidence and lie swearing. On the Doomsday the Ruler will be Allaah (God) Almighty and He is the
Knower of everybody’s heart. There you will not be able to save anyone from
ignominy through your manual dexterity This advocacy and pleader-ship will not
be useful on That Day. Who is such person, who will be lawyer of such people in
His Court, who will fix the true as liar and the liar as true? Then it has been
commanded that the sinner cannot escape from punishment of his bad deeds by the
source of impostures and partiality. It is vain imagination. There is only one
Way for it that he should seek pardon of Allaah
Almighty and apologize for his sins duly accepted.
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