Lessons 482 to
493
LESSON
# 482 FROM HOLY QUR’AN
The
Bounds Of Allah Almighty
Limits
Of God Almighty
Who Will Transgress Limits, He Will Face Doom
The
Obedient Will Enter The Gardens
Paradise Is For Obedient, Hell Is For Disobedient
Surah NISAAA’ (WOMEN) - Chapter - 4)
Verses
–13 & 14 of 176, Section –2/24 (Part – 4)
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13.
These are the bounds of Allah. And whoso obeyeth Allah and His
Messenger, He will make him enter Gardens underneath which rivers flow, where
such will dwell for ever. And that will be the great success.
14. And
whoso disobeyeth Allah and His Messenger and transgresseth His limits, He
will make him enter Fire, where he will dwell for ever; his will be a
shameful doom.
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13.
Tilka Huduudul-laah. Wa
many- yuti-‘il-laaha wa
Rasuulahuu yudkhil-hu Jannaatin-
tajrii min- tahti-
hal- ‘anhaaru khaalidiina
fii-haa. Wa zaalikal-fawzul- ‘aziim.
14.
Wa many-ya’-sillaaha wa Rasuulahuu wa
yata-‘adda huduudahuu yud-khilhu
Naaran khaalidiina fiihaa;
wa lahuu ‘azaabum-muhiin.
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Lesson
Huduudul-laah – (The
bounds of Allah), Huduud is plural of
Hadd which means limit, bound. Hadd is the place, where
any thing ends. That is to say; the last edge and that line, which is not
permitted to be crossed. Huduudul-laah aims, those fixed principles, rules and restrictions, getting
on them is not allowed. For instance; restrictions about eating and drinking,
fixed portions of inherited wealth etc.
yata-‘adda - (transgressing, passing beyond, violating,
breaking), ta-‘addii, ‘adwaan are also from this word’s
origin, which means “crossing the prescribed bounds and disobeying the orders
of Allah Almighty by breaking the restrictions.
Allah
Almighty guided in detail about the number of matrimony and orphans. Then
cleared the commands of heritage, its fixed portions and the legacy.
After
all, it is being ordained, “an eternal blessing of the Paradise and successful
life in the world is for those persons who obey Allah Almighty and His
Messenger (grace, glory, blessing and peace be upon him). Those people who will
not admit the prescribed laws and will overstep the bounds, they will proceed
to Hell and face a shameful doom.
It
is known from this verse that oppressing in the distribution of inheritance is
the cause of torment by Allah Almighty. Those Muslims should take it warning,
who refuse to give the portion of heritage to the girls and other heirs. It is
Saying of the Messenger of Allah Almighty (grace, glory, blessings and peace be
upon him), “The person, who forfeits the heir’s right from inheritance, Allah
Almighty will forfeit him from his share in Paradise on the Day of
Resurrection.” (Ibn Maajah, Kitaabul
Wasaayaa, Baabul Hayf fil Wasi-yyah 3.4/3, Al-Hadith: 2703)
In
these verses, there is a promise of Paradise from Allah Almighty on obedience
of His last Messenger (grace, glory, blessings and peace be
upon him) and a threat of Hell on His disobedience.
LESSON
# 483 FROM HOLY QUR’AN
Guilty
Of Lewdness – Punishment For
Punishment
Of Lewd Male And Female
Chastisement
Of Sensual Persons
The
Lewds’ Punishment
Torment
Against Lewdness And Sodomy
Surah NISAAA’ (WOMEN) - Chapter - 4)
Verses
–15 & 16 of 176, Section –3/24 (Part – 4)
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15. And
as for those of your women who are guilty of lewdness, call to witness four
of you against them. Then if they testify (to the truth of the allegation)
then confine them to the houses until death take them or (until) Allah
appoint for them a way (through new legislation).
16. And
as for the two of you who are guilty thereof, punish them both. But if they
repent and improve, then let them be. Lo! Allah is Ever-Relenting, Merciful.
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15.
Wallaa-tii
ya’-tiinal-faahi-shata min-nisaaa-‘ikum fas-tash-hiduu ‘alayhinna
‘arb- ‘atam-minkum. Fa-‘in shahiduu
fa-‘amsikuuhunna
fil-bu-yuuti hattaa yatawaffaa-hun-nal-mawtu ‘aw
yaj-‘alallaahu lahunna sabiilaa.
16. Wallazaani ya’-tiyaanihaa minkum
fa- ‘aazuuhumaa.
Fa-‘in-taabaa wa ‘aslahaa
fa- ‘a’- ri-zuu ‘anhumaa. ‘Innallaaha
kaana Taw-waabar-Rahiimaa.
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Lesson
Punishment For Lewd Women
‘al-faahi-shata – (lewdness),
this word has been derived from Fahash
which means ‘obscenity’. faahi-shah has two meanings
the shameless and the sinful woman. As per dictionary, each such word and deed
is called Fahash, which is bad, and mention
of which is unpleasant to say and hear. Probably due to this reason, the word faahi-shah has been used for an unchaste woman.
‘as-tash-hiduu
‘alayhinna ‘arb- ‘atam-minkum - (call to
witness four of you against them), as much as the shamelessness and lewdness is
an abject and dangerous crime and as much as its punishment is severe, exactly
that much caution in its announcement
and punishment is necessary. It has been commanded here that for the
determination of evidence and punishment of this offense, you would have to
bring four of you witnesses against them. In common matters, only two witnesses
are enough but in the case of fornication, four witnesses have been obliged,
and in addition, those witnesses should be Muslims, and not non-Muslims.
This verse has been explained as, “There is a
need of four witnesses to punish the woman if she is caught in the case of ‘al-faahi-shah (lewdness). After evidence, her punishment is to confine
in the house, until either she does not die, or Allah Almighty do not provide
any other way for her.”
Punishment For The Guilty Men Of Sodomy
‘Allazaani – (the
two men of you), in the earlier verse there was order for punishment to the
women who are offender of lewdness and sinfulness. In this verse, the punishment
of guilty men of sodomy has been described. The word ’Allazaani signifies towards the male. The commentators of
Holy Qur’an took its meaning as those two men who are culprits of homosexuality
or those men who commit lewdness with any woman unlawfully.
‘aazuuhumaa - (punish
both of them), the words ‘aziy-yat,
‘iizaa etc are from the same origin which mean oppression, annoyance,
hurting and pain, etc. In the meanings of this word, every type of trouble,
difficulty and suffering are included. It was proclaimed to punish the lewd women
by confining them in their houses. The punishment for the guilty men has been prescribed
in the second verse as to torture them, and responsibility of its fixation has
been given to the person, who has Power of Divine Law of Religion (the Muslim
Ruler).
Allah Almighty has prescribed the punishment of
fornication as one hundred whips as per Surah
Nuur in Holy Qur’an and commanded that neither this punishment should be
lessened, nor softened, but it should be punished publicly before entire people.
Apparently, these physical punishments by Islam seem very severe and tough but in
fact, nature of crimes demands these types of punishments. Secondly, these
punishments prevent the crimes resultantly, whereas, light imprisonment and
punishment of penalty of present times has become cause of increasing the
crimes Instead of decreasing them.
Islam wants rectification and correction in the
world. Therefore, it considered these crimes as very bad acts, and prescribed
their punishments as much severe that they would remove the crimes and the evils
would end from the world.
It has also been commanded, “Leave the criminals
of lewdness whenever they repent and reform.” Explanation about the Repentance
has been stated many times earlier, that is to say, confessing one’s mistakes
by feeling them as bad and admitting to leave them. In the verse, “Correction
and Rectification” has also been determined necessary with the repentance for
more emphasis. After that, the good news has been given to the persons, who
repent that Allah Almighty is Ever-Relenting, and most Merciful. We should
remain hopeful of His blessings always.
LESSON
# 484 FROM HOLY QUR’AN
Repentance
Penitence
Sorrow
For Sins
Forgiveness
For Them Who Repent
Feeling
Sorrow For Evil-doings And Sins
Surah NISAAA’ (WOMEN) - Chapter - 4)
Verses
–17 of 176, Section –3/24 (Part – 4)
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Forgiveness is only incumbent on Allah toward
those who do evil in ignorance (and) then turn quickly (in repentance) to
Allah; these are they toward whom Allah relenteth. And Allah is ever Knower,
Wise.
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‘Innamat-tawbatu
‘alal-laahi lillaziina
ya’-maluunas-suuu-‘a
bi-jahaalatin summa yatuubuuna
min- qariibin- fa-‘ulaaa-‘ika yatuu-bullaahu ‘alayhim.
Wa kaanallaahu ‘Aliiman
Hakiimaa.
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Lesson
Tawbah – literal
meanings of this word are, “to come back, to return, coming back again towards
that place, which was left”. Whenever any person offends, he falls back from
the attendance of Allah Almighty. He should return towards Allah Almighty. In
this condition, he should accept his mistake and promise honestly that he would
not repeat such mistake in future, and he should stand firm upon it. It is
called tawbah. Only using the word tawbah
by tongue repeatedly, does not have any weight. Repentance will be acceptable
at that time, when someone feels sorrow upon his/her bad acts and accepts with
heart that he/she will never do such improper action again.
Allah Almighty commanded about some big evils and
sins, like fornication/adultery, sodomy and their punishments. Then He told
that He forgives also such crimes, provided that, the sinners turn quickly in
repentance to Allah Almighty, correct their deeds and refrain from committing
this sin again in future; these are the persons, toward whom Allah Almighty
relents. But remember! That Allah Almighty has taken responsibility to forgive and
relent only such people, who committed any sin due to ignorance or with
stupidity and feel shame immediately, when they know about the sin and badness,
and they promise to escape from such wicked deeds in future. Allah Almighty
forgives the mistakes of such people urgently. He knows every thing. His
Knowledge is most spacious. He knows that who has did evil intentionally or unintentionally,
and who repented with purity. His all works are full of wisdom.
Two conditions have been applied upon acceptance
of the repentance:
·
The persons, who do evil in ignorance.
·
They turn quickly in repentance to Allah.
It has been revealed that the person, who does
evil due to ignorance and as soon as he gets warning, turns quickly toward the
repentance, according to the Law of Allah Almighty, certainly his repentance
will be accepted. And the person, who presumes to disobey the order of Allah
Almighty, do not turn immediately toward repentance after knowing himself
sinful. Moreover, he used to delay in feeling the sorrow for his sins and
remained in rather state, then according to the principle of justice his mistake
is not forgivable. However, Allah Almighty may forgive being Merciful and Kind
enough.
After knowing the glad tiding about acceptance of
the repentance, it is compulsory for us to turn quickly towards Allah Almighty,
whenever any sin occurs from us knowingly or unknowingly. We should also
promise not to repeat it again in future. We should pray from Allah Almighty to
pardon our sins and be entitled of forgiveness. Allah Almighty revealed the
good news that whenever any person walks one step towards Him, His Mercy walks
ten steps towards that person.
LESSON
# 485 FROM HOLY QUR’AN
Forgiveness Is Not For Those Who Do Ill-deeds
False
Repentance
Repentance At The Time Of Death Is Not Acceptable
Disbelievers
Will Not Be Forgiven
Painful
Doom Is Waiting Who Do Not Repent
Surah NISAAA’ (WOMEN) - Chapter - 4)
Verses
–18 of 176, Section –3/24 (Part – 4)
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And the forgiveness is not for those who do
ill-deeds until, when death attendeth upon one of them, he saith: Lo! I
repent now; nor yet for those who die while they are disbelievers. For such
We have prepared a painful doom.
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Wa
laysa-tittaw-bata
lil-laziina
ya’-maluunas-sayyi-‘aat.
Hattaaa ‘izaa hazara ‘aha-dahumul—mawtu qaala
‘inni tubtul-‘aana wa
lallaziina ya-muutuuna wa
hum kuffaar. ‘Ulaaa-‘ika
‘a’-tadnaa lahum ‘azaaban
‘aliimaa.
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Lesson
It has been described in this verse that the
repentance of such people will never be accepted and they will never be
forgiven who continue to do ill-deeds and neither they refrain from the sins,
nor feel shame on their evil acts, to this degree that when the death attends
upon one of them, then they say, “I repent now”. Likewise, the forgiveness is
not for those who die while they are disbelievers and when they feel the signs
of death, then say, “I repent.” For such people Allah Almighty has prepared a
painful doom.
There is a proper time for the repentance, which
has been described, in the previous lesson. This verse signifies that those
persons who used to do ill-deeds and disobedience during their entire life,
when they reached the death’s door and the bells of life’s end pronounced, then
they began to cry, “I repent.” Likewise, the repentance of such people is also
useless who are drawing their last breaths in the form of infidelity. Apparent
reason of non-acceptance of such repentance is that until the punishment is in
the invisible veil, till then, fear from the punishment and due to this fear,
to repent from the sins discloses the Faith in Unseen. At the death’s point,
one observes some signs of punishment for his evil-deeds, and after
observation, Belief in Unseen do not remain. Therefore, neither belief is
acceptable, nor repentance is useful at the time of manifesting the punishment
or reward.
Notwithstanding this, the repentance is not only
to confess the sin but its aim is to correct and rectify the future life with
the repentance. If someone repents at the death point while there is no more
chance and capability of correction, then the repentance is not useful in such
condition. Pharoha also did such repentance. However, if anybody repents a
moment before reaching the life at its last point, then it is acceptable and if
the repentance of these Muslims is not accepted, even then these persons will
not remain in to the Hell forever. If Allah Almighty wishes, they may be
forgiven. Nevertheless, if they are not forgiven and are punished, then after
completion of the punishment they will proceed to the Paradise. However, those
people who died upon infidelity, their repentance is not acceptable on the Day
of Judgment. They will be fallen into the torment pain of Hell forever.
LESSON
# 486 FROM HOLY QUR’AN
Women
Of The dead Should Not Be Inherited
No Constraint To Be Put On Wife Which She
Has Been Given
Consorting
With Wife In Kindness
It May Happen That Allah Has Placed
Better, Whom You Hate
It Is Unlawful To Inherit The Women Of Deceased Kinsmen
Surah NISAAA’ (WOMEN) - Chapter - 4)
Verses
–19 of 176, Section –3/24 (Part – 4)
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O ye who believe! It is not lawful for you to
inherit the women (of your deceased kinsmen) forcibly, nor (that) ye should
put constraint upon them that ye may take away a part of that which ye have
given them, unless they be guilty of flagrant lewdness. And consort with them
in kindness, for if ye hate them it may happen that ye hate a thing wherein
Allah hath placed much good
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Yaaa- ‘ayyu-hallaziina ‘aamanuu
laa yahillu lakum
‘an-tarisun-nisaaa-‘a
karhaa. Wa laa
ta’-zuluuhunna litazhabuu bi-ba’-zi
maaa ‘aatay-tumuu-hunna ‘illaaa
‘any-ya’-tiina
bifaa-hishatim-mubayyinah.
Wa ‘aashiruu-hunna bil-ma’-ruuf. Fa- ‘in-
karih-tumuu-hunna
fa-‘asaaa ‘an- takrahuu
shay-‘anw-wa
yaj-‘alallaahu fiihi khay-ran-
kasiiraa.
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Lesson
After telling about the lewdness and its
punishment, now that tyranny of the ignorance is being obstructed which used to
be upon the women. There was prevalent in to them that whenever any male died,
then either deceased person’s step-son or brother or his any heir used to take
hold of his wife. If he wished, either he used to marry her or keep her in his
house without marriage, or let her married to some other male and used to get
her Mahr (the money or its value
incumbent on the husband) from him, or keep her in his own custody entire life
and used to become heir of her wealth and property.
It has been ordered in the Holy Qur’an that
whenever any male expires, then her wife have authority about her marriage. Any
brother or heir of the person died has not this power to get married with her
forcibly. If the woman be guilty of flagrant lewdness then she should be
stopped. Otherwise, you should consort with the women in kindness and good
behavior. If you do not like any habit of any woman, then have patience. It may
happen that she would have much good. You do not know that what Allah Almighty
has kept gain for you in to her. Personal sense of the human being is weak and
knowledge is limited. Knowledge of Allah Almighty is much vast and unlimited.
Advantages Of Positive Thought: Positive thinking means, “Meditate in sound
sides also if you find any form of badness in any work or thing, because it may
happen that goodness have more better sides in to it than its bad sides or
sound side may be more useful for you”. For example; one’s wife is ugly but she
has good children from such male. Then the result will be that his wife will
slip away as well as his children will also be left and he would face such
bitterness, mental torture, war for getting his children and fights for rights during remaining entire life that he
will never feel relax.
Likewise, any person has been appointed in an
office but he is not liked. Nevertheless, due to him, the system of the office
is running very smoothly. Now although it is not liked to keep him in service,
but kicking him out only due to unlikeness will ruin the entire system. Therefore,
it is much better to bear such person keeping in view his/her advantages on
such appointment.
LESSON
# 487 FROM HOLY QUR’AN
Sum of Mahr Should Not Be Taken Back From Wife
Taking
Back Of Mahr Is Calumny and Open
Wrong
Your Wives Have Taken a Strong Pledge From You
Money or Its Value Incumbent on Husband (Mahr)
Nobody Should Take Back The Money Of Mahr
Surah NISAAA’ (WOMEN) - Chapter - 4)
Verses
–20 & 21 of 176, Section –3/24 (Part – 4)
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20. And if ye wish to exchange one wife for another
and ye have given unto one of them a sum of money (however great), take
nothing from it. Would ye take it by the way of calumny and open wrong?
21. How
can ye take it (back) after one of you hath gone in unto the other, and they
have taken a strong pledge from you?
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20.
Wa ‘in ‘arattumus-tib-daala zawjim-makaana zawjinw-wa
‘aataytum ‘ihdaahun-na qintaaran
falaa ta’-khuzuu minhu
shay-‘aa. ‘A-ta’-khuzuu-nahuu buhtaananw-wa ‘is-mam-mubiinaa.
21. Wa kayfa
ta’khuzuuna-huu wa qad
‘afzaa ba’-zukum ‘ilaa
ba’-zinw-wa ‘akhazna minkum-miisaaqan galiizaa.
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Lesson
During the times of ignorance before Islam, there
was a tradition too that whenever any person used to wish to marry some other
woman leaving the earlier wife, in that case he used to accuse her wife falsely
and tyrannize her of various sorts. So that she might return the money of mahr under compulsion and get divorce,
in like manner, this money may be used in the second marriage. It has been
restricted in these verses that while you have given much wealth to your first
wife and now you wish to marry any other woman leaving the first, then you
should not take back that wealth or money. It is unlawful to take back the
given money from the first wife by the way of calumny and open wrong.
At the very time, the man and the woman have gone
in unto one another, kept company with each other and reached the certain point
of copulation, then the mahr (the
money or its value incumbent on the husband) has become payable upon the man to
his wife. How can it be lawful for the husband to get back that money of mahr and how can he press the woman if
she does not want to return? There can be only one mode to get back the mahr i.e. if the woman exempts it with
her pleasure. While these women have taken a strong pledge from you and you
have reaped the complete advantage from them, then how can it be lawful either
not to pay them or get back the money (incumbent on you) of mahr, which you
have already paid?
Remember it that as after copulation the entire mahr becomes incumbent on the husband to
be paid, like this, if correct solitude has taken place between the two
(husband and wife), even then complete mahr
will be payable. However, if they have not reached the point of correct
solitude and the husband has divorced her wife, then the mahr will be paid half. These matters have already been discussed
in chapter -2 (Surah ‘Al-Baqarah).
LESSON
# 488 FROM HOLY QUR’AN
The Mothers Should Be Treated With Respect
Marry
Not the Women Whom Your Fathers Married
Respect
Of Mothers
To Marry The Mother Is
Lewdness And Abomination
Veneration
Of The Mothers
Surah NISAAA’ (WOMEN) - Chapter - 4)
Verses
–22 of 176, Section –3/24 (Part – 4)
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And marry not those women whom your fathers
married, except what hath already happened (of that nature) in the past. Lo!
it was ever lewdness and abomination. And an evil way.
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Wa
laa tankihuu maa
nakaha ‘aabaaa-
‘ukum-minan-nisaaa-‘i ‘illaa maa qad
salaf. ‘Innahuu kaana
faahishatanw-wa maqtaa. Wa
saaa-‘a sabii-laa.
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Lesson
laa
tankihuu – (
do not marry), the word “Nikaah” is
used in the meanings of relationship between husband and wife in Arabic. Here
it can be inferred in the both meanings (the marriage knot and the matrimonial
relationship).
‘aabaaa- ‘ukum - (your fathers), its singular is ‘abun. Besides the actual father, here
grandfathers (paternal and maternal grandfather both) are included in its
meaning.
maa
nakaha ‘aabaaa- ‘ukum – (whom
your fathers married), it signifies towards that unlawful tradition of the
period of ignorance, by which the step-mothers were also used to be married and
they did not use to consider it improper or opprobrious.
The people used to marry their stepmothers during
the times of ignorance. In this verse, it has been forbidden that the women
whom your fathers have married, it is unlawful to marry them, although the
father has divorced her before intercourse. Moreover, if marriage means
copulation, then it is known that the father keeps company with whom woman,
whether after marriage or in the form of fornication or as bondwoman, in each
condition she is unlawful for the son because she is like a mother for the son.
It is a matter of disgusting, lewdness, an evil way and abomination. There is
no doubt in it that even during the period of ignorance, some wise people used
to comprehend it despised. Allah Almighty commands, “Refrain from such
marriages in future. However, there will be no accountability, what has already
happened (of that nature) in the past.
maa qad
salaf – (what
has already happened), it means that there is no sin on you for the nuptial
knots which were fixed during the times of ignorance, and now may be those
women would have died also, because that sin was before this law. Keep a matter
in your mind here that if any Zoroastrian embraces Islam, and he has already married
his mother or sister, then it is his duty to leave her, but those women whom he
married during the time of infidelity, children from them will be lawful,
because these kinds of Divine Laws are not for the disbelievers.
Holy Qur’an has used three words to prohibit from
this type of marriage and those three words indicate apart from each other:
1. faahishatun – (the lewdness)
because this type of marriage is a big lewdness it self, in addition to
considering it prudently bad.
2. maqtan – (abomination), besides abomination and rage, this
word is used for each that thing, observing which one feels an aversion in
one’s nature. Therefore, for the nice people, it is a very bad thing.
3. saaa-‘a sabii-laa – (an evil way), saaa-‘a
means bad. Suuu’ is also used in
these meanings. sabii-laa
(conduct, character), literally it means ‘the way, path’. Due to such
suitableness, this word has been used here in the meaning of ‘the character’.
LESSON
# 489 FROM HOLY QUR’AN
Forbidden
Women For Marriage
Nobody Can Marry The Women, Who Are Forbidden
Seven
Relative Women Are Forbidden
Foster Mother, Sister and Daughter etc Are Also Forbidden
Marry
Not The Forbidden Women
Surah NISAAA’ (WOMEN) - Chapter - 4)
Verses
–23a of 176, Section –4/24 (Part – 4)
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Forbidden unto you are your mothers, and your
daughters, and your sisters, and your father’s sisters, and your mother’s
sisters, and your brother’s daughters, and your sister’s daughters, and your
foster-mothers, and your foster-sisters,
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Hurrimat
‘alaykum ‘um-mahaa-tukum wa
banaa-tukum wa ‘akhawaa-tukum wa
‘am-maa-tukum wa khaalaa-tukum wa
banaatul-‘akhi wa banaatul-‘ukhti wa
‘umma-haatukumul-laatii
‘arza’-nakum wa ‘akha-waa-tukum-minar-razaa-‘ati
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Lesson
‘ar-razaa-‘ati – (foster
relatives), it aims the woman, who is not real mother, but who suckles any
other child. Real children of that woman are called foster-brothers and
foster-sisters of that child, and that woman is called his/her foster-mother.
Allah Almighty had described unlawfulness of marriage
with the step-mother in the previous verses. Now those other women are being
mentioned here, with whom the marriage is prohibited. This detail is very
clear, so there is no form of dissension or misunderstanding now.
These women belong to some different kinds. At
first those, who are unlawful due to genealogical relationship and they are
seven – 1. Mother, 2. Daughter, 3.
Sister, 4. Paternal Aunt, 5.
Maternal Aunt, 6. Brother’s Daughter
(Niece), 7. Sister’s Daughter (Niece).
None is permitted to marry any one out of these seven close relatives.
As paternal and maternal grandmothers (and upwards)
are included in the prohibition order of marriage with the mother, likewise, grand-daughters
(daughter of the son and daughter of the daughter and downwards) are also
included in the prohibition order of marriage with the daughter. Marriage with
the sisters, ‘ainii (sisters, who have same
father and mother), ‘alaatii (sisters due to father only) and ‘akhyaafii (sisters by the same mother but by a different
father) is also prohibited including father’s
and mother’s sisters, grandfather’s and grandmother’s (and their upwards)
sisters. Real and step-sisters of above all are included. In addition, the
nieces, (daughters of all above kinds of brothers and sisters, and their
downwards) come also in this category.
Besides genealogical forbidden relatives, there
are some foster relatives too, prohibited to be married. These are two – mother
and sister, and seven others, which have been described above in the
genealogical relationship {Mother, Daughter, Sister, Paternal Aunt, Maternal
Aunt, Brother’s Daughter (Niece), Sister’s Daughter (Niece)}. These are also
unlawful to be married in the fostering relationship. That is to say;
foster-daughter, foster-aunt (either paternal or maternal), foster-niece
(either paternal or maternal), all are unlawful to be married. These details
and likewise other orders in this connection exist in the ‘Ahaadith (Sayings of Messenger, Muhammad (grace, glory, blessings
and peace of Allah Almighty be upon him) with explanation.
LESSON
# 490 FROM HOLY QUR’AN
Other
Forbidden Women For Marriage
Women Other Than Those, Who Are Forbidden Earlier
Besides Seven Relative Women, Who Are Forbidden
Following
Women Are Also Forbidden
You
Should Not Marry Also Following Women
Surah NISAAA’ (WOMEN) - Chapter - 4)
Verses
–23b of 176, Section –4/24 (Part – 4)
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And your mothers-in-law, and your step-daughters,
who are under your protection (born) of your women unto whom ye have gone in
– but if ye have not gone in unto them, then it is no sin foe you (to marry
their daughters) – and the wives of your sons who (spring) from your own
loins. And (it is forbidden unto you) that ye should have two sisters
together, except what hath already happened (of that nature) in the past. Lo!
Allah is Ever – Forgiving, Merciful.
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wa
‘umma-haatu nisaaa- ‘ikum wa
rabaaa- ‘ibukumul-laatii fii hu-juurikum-min-nisaaa- ‘ikumul-laatii dakhaltum-
bihinn. Fa- ‘illam takuunuu
dakhaltum- bi-hinna falaa
hunaaha ‘alay-kum; wa
halaaa-‘ilu ‘abnaaa-
‘ikumullaziina min ‘aslaa-bi-kum, wa
‘an- tajma- ‘uu baynal-
‘ukhtayni ‘illaa maa
qad salaf. ‘Innallaaha
kaana Gafuurar-Rahiimaa.
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Lesson
Those forbidden women have been described in this
verse, which are unlawful due to the relationship of marriage. These are of two
types:
1. Those women, with whom marriage is unlawful forever,
like mother of wife and daughter of that wife, with whom you have copulated. However,
if any woman has been divorced before copulation then you can marry her
daughter. The wives of the sons and downwards like grandsons (whether they are
paternal or maternal) are also forbidden for you to be married with them.
2. The women, who are not prohibited to be married
by you forever, but they are forbidden until any woman remains in the nuptial
knot. Only until that time the marriage is prohibited with the wife’s close
relative women. But if either you have divorced your wife or she has died then
marriage with her close relative women will become lawful. Those women are –
sister of the wife, who cannot be married in the life and presence of the wife,
but she can be married afterwards. The same order applies also upon aunt and
niece (paternal and maternal).
Here it has been ordered that the wives of your
sons are unlawful to be married with them, who (the sons) are from your
generation. It aims your genealogical sons and grandsons. Adopted sons do not
include in it.
At the end, Allah Almighty commanded that the mistakes,
which were committed before Islam, would not be repeated inquiry. However,
after the revelation of the order of Allah Almighty none should do against it.
LESSON
# 491 FROM HOLY QUR’AN
Marry
The Women In Honest Wedlock
Do
Not Marry For Debauchery
All
Married Women Are Forbidden
Conditions
For The Nuptial
Bounds
Of The Marriage
Surah NISAAA’ (WOMEN) - Chapter - 4)
Verses
–24a of 176, Section –4/24 (Part – 5)
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And all married women (are forbidden unto you)
save those (captives) whom your right hands possess. It is a Decree of Allah
for you. And lawful unto you are all beyond those mentioned, so that ye seek
them with your wealth in honest wedlock, not debauchery.
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WAL-MUHSANAATU
minan-nisaaa-‘i ‘illaa maa
malakat ‘ay-maanukum
Kitaaballaahi ‘alay-kum. Wa ‘uhilla lakum-maa
waraaa-‘a zaalikum ‘an-tab-taguu bi-‘amwaalikum-muhsi-niina gayra
musaa-fihiin.
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Lesson
MUHSANAATUN - It is plural of Muhsanatun. It
means the woman who is proper wife of any man and her husband is present (the married
women).
muhsi-niina – It is plural of muhsinun. That is to say; the man, who makes a woman properly his
wife through nuptial knot.
maa malakat
‘ay-maanukum – (whom
your right hands possess) ma (whom), malakat (came in possession) ‘ay-maanukum (your right hands), possession
of right hands means those bondwomen and slaves, who come under control of
Muslims as a result of any war etc. Technically the word Milkun yamiin is also used for them.
Now unlawfulness of those women is being
described who have already been married with any man. In this situation, they
cannot be married someone else until either their husbands would not divorce
them or they would not be separated from the nuptial due to the death of their
husbands. However, if any woman is already in nuptial with any man and she has come
in your possession, then it is lawful to marry her. This situation happens in
that manner when any infidel woman has been tied in nuptial knot and the Muslims
bring her towards any darus-Salam (a Muslim
country) after attacking the dar-ul-harb
(a country where God-worshipping is not permissible) and arresting her.
Remember it that the woman who comes in possession
of Muslims, caught from dar-ul-harb,
it is necessary for her to be lawful after passing at least one period of
menstruation. In addition, that woman should not be infidel or idolater, but
from the People of the Scripture. Then it has been described that the women,
whose unlawfulness has been mentioned above, besides them all remaining women are
lawful for you but with following four conditions, which have been prescribed
with it:
1. Ask for the women, that is to say; get
willingness properly for nuptial knot from the potential wife.
2. Accept paying her the amount of Mahr (the money or its value incumbent on
the husband).
3. The purpose should be to make the woman proper your
wife, not only for the desire of sensuality.
4. The marriage should not be hidden but it should
be in the gathering of the people and in the presence of the witnesses.
LESSON
# 492 FROM HOLY QUR’AN
The
Dowry and Mutual Agreement
The Mahr and The Reciprocal Treaty
Giving Dowry to Women Is Incumbent on Men
When
You Marry A Woman, Give Her Dowry
Payment of Dowry Comes First, Then Mutual Agreement
Surah NISAAA’ (WOMEN) - Chapter - 4)
Verses
–24b of 176, Section –4/24 (Part – 5)
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And those of whom ye seek content (by marrying
them), give unto them their dowries as a duty. And there is no sin for you in
what ye do by mutual agreement after the duty (hath been done). Lo! Allah is
ever Knower, Wise.
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Famas-tamta’-tum-bihii min-hunna
fa-‘aatuuhunna ‘ujuura hunna
fariizaah. Wa laa
junaaha ‘alay-kum fiimaa
taraa-zaytum- bihii mim-
ba’-dil- fariizah. ‘Innallaaha
kaana ‘Aliiman Hakiimaa.
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Lesson
‘as-tamta’-tum – ‘is-tamtaa’-‘un has been used as infinitive mood, which means ‘to
get advantage, to enjoy’. Here it aims living of husband and wife together in
solitude for a long time.
‘ujuura
hunna – (their
rights), ‘ujuur is plural of ‘ajr,
which means wages, retaliation. Here it points towards the Mahr of the women (the dowry to be paid by the husband).
The orders regarding the Mahr (the money or its value resting upon the husband after
marriage) have been ordained in this part of the verse. That is to say; any man
married a woman and took the benefit from her for a fixed duration, then it is
necessary to give that woman completely amount of the Mahr. Moreover, until the woman does not forgive it by herself, the
payment of the Mahr is essential. It
has been noticed from the hindrance of the word ‘is-tamtaa’-‘un that if one has not got any advantage from the woman and her husband has
divorced her, then the husband is not bound to pay the entire amount of dowry.
Its complete detail was discussed in Surah
Al-Baqra (The Cow). After that, it has been described that in determination
of the dowry and its payment, increasing and decreasing the dowry is lawful with
mutual agreement between husband and wife. That is to say; after fixing the
amount of Mahr, if either the wife
decreases the amount of dowry happily or the husband gives more than the
specified amount of Mahr willingly to
her wife then it is no sin. However, only the condition is that they both ‘husband
and wife’ should be willing to do so mutually.
At the end, Allah Almighty directed that He knows
the expedience, all kinds of advantages and disadvantages of the human beings
and His orders are full of wisdom. Betterment and prosperity for the people is hidden
in obedience of His orders in the world and the Hereafter, and if they disobey
His orders then there will be failure in the world and disgrace in the
Hereafter.
Relationship of husband and wife is a very important
matter. Dependence of the continuance of human generation (and perfect growth
and education of the children) is connected with the mutual pleasant relation
and assistance between both of them. Only their strong relation is the origin
of prosperity and well-being of the children. Therefore, it is essential to
understand and act upon the laws, which Allah Almighty has described in Holy
Qur’an.
It has come to know from this verse that the determination
of dowry is a necessary thing for the nuptial and its payment is incumbent on
the man.
LESSON
# 493 FROM HOLY QUR’AN
Marriage
With The Believing Maid
Conditions
For Marriage With The Maids
Punishment of Lewdness for Maid is Half Than Free Woman
He Can Marry Any Maid, Who Cannot Afford Free Woman
Who Fears To Commit Sin, He Can Wed Any Maid
Surah NISAAA’ (WOMEN) - Chapter - 4)
Verses
–25 of 176, Section –4/24 (Part – 5)
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And whoso is not able to afford to marry free,
believing women, let them marry from the believing maids whom your right
hands possess. And Allah knoweth best (concerning) your faith. Ye (proceed)
one from another, so wed them by permission of their folk, and give unto them
their dowries in kindness, they being honest, not debauched nor of loose
conduct. Then if when they are honourably married they commit lewdness they
shall incur the half of the punishment (prescribed) for free women (in that
case). This is for him among you who feareth to commit sin. And to have patience
would be better for you. And Allah is Forgiving, Merciful.
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Wa
mal-lam yastati’ min-kum
taw-lan ‘any-yankihal-Muhsanaatil-Mu’-minaati fa-mimmaa
malakat
‘ay-maanu-kum-min-fatayaa-
tikumul- Mu’-minaat.
Wallaahu ‘a’-lamu bi-‘iimaanikum. Ba’-zukum-mim-ba’z. Fankihuu-hunna bi-‘izni
‘ahli-hinna wa ‘aatuu-hunna ‘ujuura-hunna bil-ma’-ruufi muhsanaatin
gayra musaafi-haatinw-wa laa
muttakhi-zaati ‘akh-daan. Fa-‘izaaa
‘uhsinna fa-‘in ‘atayna
bi-faahi-shatin-
fa-‘alay-hinna nisfu maa
‘alal-muhsanaati
minal-‘azaab. Zaalika liman
khashiyal-‘anata minkum. Wa
‘an tasbiruu khay-rul-lakum. Wallaahu
Gafuurur-Rahiim.
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Lesson
Muhsanaatun – (free, believing women), its singular is Muhsanah, which has been
derived from hasan. Hasan means the fort, as though, Muhsanah is that free, believing and good disposition woman,
who kept safe her chastity and honor like a fort.
Powerful and bad people used to make the weak and
helpless men, women and children their slaves and bond-maids in many countries
of the world before Islam and they used to buy and sell them in the markets
like goats and sheep. When Islam came, it brought with itself the message of
equality. Nevertheless, it was not too much easy to remove the so much old rules
and to change this method of dwelling, of which system the people had been
habituated. As far as it is possible, Islam cares for the facilities of the
people. The slaves and the bond-maids were already present in the Arab and they
were in the worse condition. Particularly the bond-maids were never in any
counting. They were badly used to beat black and blue. Allah Almighty provided
such rules with which the condition of slaves and bond-maids might be arranged
better, and in the process of time, the system of slavery might be finished.
No bond-maid or slave is existent today in the
world and certainly, the wreath of finishing this slavery system is upon the
head of Islam. It is the custom of Holy Qur’an in removing the unlawful rules
that easy commands are delivered in the beginning, as it seems that Islam
desires to keep up this rule. But usually and gradually due to obeying these
easy orders, the bad manners come to an end.
Holy Qur’an promoted the dignity of bond-maids in
this verse so much that It ordered, “Do not put them making prey only of your
bad wishes and intemperance. But wed them and make them your wives. In this
order, the seed of removing the custom of bond-maids was sown. It has been
commanded, “The person, who is not able to afford to marry any free, believing
women, but he feels necessity of any woman then let him marry from the
believing maids whom your right hands possess. And they should escape from the
unlawful deeds, because safety of Belief is very important and the faith of
bond-maids is as much credible as your own.”
It is the result of accepting these orders that
today slavery has been finished from the world. The respect of the woman has
been established in the society. However, one thing is pending until now that
none should keep compressed any one. If it would have been done also as per the
orders of Islam, then the matter would have been finalized very earlier.
Allowing wedding the bond-maids and slave-girls,
Islam impeded the sinfulness on one side, while at the other hand It determined
their grade equal to the free, believing women in the society. Moreover, It put
in the rights of their children equal to the rights of the children of free,
believing women on the condition that those children are from the bond-maids’
master. In addition, following conditions determined compulsory to marry the
bond-maids:
· Permission
of wedding is taken from their masters.
· Give
unto them their dowries as a duty.
· The
bond-maids should be liker of goodness and chastity (Muh-sanaatun).
· They
should not be from the lewd and debauched women (musaafi-haatun).
· They
should also be not of loose conduct “muttakhi-zaati ‘akh-daan” (secretly loving and beloved).
Allah Almighty says, “This is for him among you who
feareth to commit sin. And to have patience would be better for you”. He also
commands, “Then if when they are honorably married, they commit lewdness, they
shall incur the half of the punishment (prescribed) for free women (in that
case)”.
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